聯準會降息為金價帶來新動能
隨著聯準會降低利率並暗示將在年底前至 2026 年進一步降息,黃金市場正在迎來新的購買勢頭,金價逼近每盎司 3,700 美元。
聯準會一如預期,將利率下調至4.00%至4.25%區間。同時,最新的經濟預測顯示,儘管通膨壓力依然高企,但聯邦基金利率仍低於先前預期。
聯準會將焦點轉向經濟放緩的勞動市場後,黃金市場最初反應積極,成功進入上漲區域。現貨黃金最新交易價格為每盎司3,695.80美元,當日上漲0.20%。
「近期指標顯示,上半年經濟活動成長放緩。就業成長放緩,失業率小幅上升但仍處於低位。通膨率上升並維持在一定高位,」央行在其貨幣政策聲明中表示。 “委員會密切關注其雙重使命面臨的風險,並判斷就業下行風險已經上升。”
除了今天的降息之外,聯準會最新的聯邦基金利率預測(也稱為點陣圖)顯示,今年可能還會再降息一次,明年可能還會降息兩次。聯準會的平均預期是,到年底聯邦基金利率將達到3.6%。
Pepperstone 高級市場分析師 Michael Brown 表示:「更新後的點陣圖顯示,今年將進一步降息 25 個基點,這些舉措都比預期溫和得多,並暗示降息前期力度類似於 OIS 曲線最近反映的幅度。」最近反映的幅度。」最近反映的幅度。」下降息前期力度類似於 OIS 曲線。
除了利率預測的修正外,美國央行仍維持著相當穩定的政策方向。
最新預測顯示,聯準會預計今年美國經濟將成長1.6%,略高於6月預測的1.4%。預計明年經濟成長率為1.8%,高於先前預測的1.6%。預計2027年美國國內生產毛額(GDP)將成長1.9%,高於先前預測的1.8%。在2028年的首次展望中,聯準會預測經濟成長率為1.8%。
就勞動市場而言,聯準會預計今年失業率將升至4.5%,與6月的預測持平。預計明年失業率將降至4.4%,略低於先前預測的4.5%。聯準會預計,2027年,失業率將降至4.3%,先前預期為4.4%。到2028年,失業率預計將進一步下降至4.2%。
同時,聯準會預計通膨率要到2028年才能達到2%的目標。根據最新預測,聯準會預計今年核心通膨率為3.1%,與6月的預測持平。預計明年通膨率將持續維持在2.6%的高位,高於先前估計的2.4%。預計2027年核心消費者物價指數將上漲2.1%,與先前的預測持平。
預計今年整體通膨率將達到 3%,與 6 月的預測持平,並預計將與核心通膨率走勢相同。
美元從三年半低點反彈,目前持穩
美元週四早盤保持穩定,此前美元曾跌至三年半低點,隨後強勁反彈,因交易員們正在努力應對美聯儲關於進一步降息的謹慎言論所帶來的影響。
聯準會週三一如預期將利率下調了四分之一個百分點,並表示將在今年剩餘時間內穩步降低借貸成本,這最初導緻美元暴跌。
不過,聯準會主席鮑威爾將當天的政策行動描述為應對勞動市場疲軟的風險管理降息,但央行無需倉促放鬆政策。
聯準會受關注的政策預期點陣圖預測,今年剩餘兩次政策會議中,聯準會將額外降息 50 個基點,但 2026 年僅額外降息一次。
西太平洋銀行國際經濟主管埃利奧特·克拉克表示:“修訂後的預測凸顯了前景仍然存在的不確定性程度。”
“預計降息的時間和規模也表明通膨風險仍然存在。”
利率決議公佈後,美元兌一籃子主要貨幣立即跌至2022年2月以來的最低點96.224,但當天強勁反彈,一度上漲0.44%,至97.074。
歐元兌美元週四早盤穩定在 1.1818 美元,此前由於對聯準會聲明的下意識反應,歐元兌美元一度上漲至 2021 年 6 月以來的最高點 1.19185 美元。
英鎊兌美元匯率持平於 1.3626 美元,週三曾短暫躍升至 7 月 2 日以來的最高點 1.3726 美元。
英國央行將於週四稍晚宣布其政策決定,市場普遍預期將維持利率在 4% 的水平。
週三公佈的官方數據顯示,英國8月通膨率為3.8%,與路透社的調查結果一致,強化了市場對近期不太可能進一步降息的預期。
本月稍早接受路透社調查的經濟學家預計,今年底前還將再次降息。
美元兌日圓匯率在最新一交易日下跌 0.08% 至 146.815 日圓,此前隔夜曾一度下跌 0.67% 至 7 月 7 日以來的最低點 145.495 日元,隨後迅速回升。
市場普遍預期日本央行週五不會升息,但市場預期日本央行將在 3 月底前升息 25 個基點,且年內升息的可能性約為 50%。
Gold remains on the path to $4,000 as the US dollar weakens
Gold prices surged to a one-month high above $3,400 an ounce Thursday, supported by persistent U.S. dollar weakness. Analysts at Bank of America expect the rally to continue, maintaining their forecast that the yellow metal will hit $4,000 an ounce by the first half of 2026.
In a report published last week, the bank said falling interest rates and a weaker dollar will underpin the metal’s gains.
“Potential rate cuts amid increasing inflation create fertile ground for dollar depreciation,” analysts wrote. “Rate cuts in an environment of continued elevated inflation would, in all likelihood, push the precious metal higher.”
Spot gold last traded at $3,417.10 an ounce, up 0.64% on the day. At the same time, the U.S. dollar index last traded at 97.81 points, down 0.32% on the day.
Markets expect the Federal Reserve to begin cutting rates as soon as September. The CME FedWatch Tool shows traders have nearly fully priced in a 25-basis-point move, with further easing possible in October and December.
“Recent US data have shifted our view on rates to the downside,” BofA said, pointing to softening labor market trends. “Recent cooling employment data, a narrowing in the breadth of employment growth & other signs of labor market moderation may support a shift the Fed's risk assessment.”
The bank added that political pressure on the Fed, including criticism from President Donald Trump, could weigh further on the dollar.
“Risks to Fed independence are well recognized, but the market now needs to contemplate the implications of institutional erosion at statistical agencies as well,” analysts said.
BofA warned that higher inflation could temporarily lift the dollar as markets scale back easing bets. Economists expect Friday’s core PCE index—the Fed’s preferred inflation gauge—to show a 2.8% annual gain, unchanged from June.
However, Bank of America expects that any rally in the U.S. dollar will be sold.
“Should inflation data continue to come in on the sticky side, leading the Fed to push back more assertively on easing expectations, the USD could experience another relief rally, though we would view such an event as short-lived,” the analysts said.